Risk communication: An international analysis of radon coverage in selected newspapers

Abstract

This study aims to analyze risk communication through a case study that provides a comprehensive examination of how media coverage of radon has evolved from 1925 to February 2023. Using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, it explores four dimensions: the evolution of coverage, thematic focus and perceived risk magnitude, reliability and credibility of sources, and authorship. The sample includes 445 news articles published in twelve international outlets from Europe and the United States. Results show that radon has remained largely invisible in the media, with attention concentrated around key scientific milestones. Coverage mainly frames radon as a residential and health hazard, while technological innovation and interactive formats are practically absent. Despite the frequent citation of expert and governmental sources, misinformation persists in a small yet concerning number of articles, particularly those suggesting health benefits of radon. The findings also reveal a lack of specialised journalism and limited preventive information. This study contributes to understanding how the media shape collective awareness of long-term environmental health threats and emphasises the importance of accurate, ethical, and evidence-based reporting to improve public knowledge.