Públicos e participação em museus. Um modelo interpretativo de sugestões pós-visita

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS16320222074

Keywords:

Audiences of museums and exhibitions, Post-visit suggestions, Interpretive model

Abstract

Os públicos têm ganho crescente importância enquanto agentes das instituições culturais, de modo que a auscultação dos seus discursos e avaliações sobre as instituições e sobre os produtos culturais constituem relevantes instrumentos para a gestão da missão cultural e para as políticas culturais. Importante componente de participação e de avaliação, a recolha das opiniões e sugestões dos visitantes das instituições museais revela potencialidades na medida em que o próprio discurso dos atores é objeto de análise. Um modelo analítico que dê sentido às opiniões e sugestões dos públicos com vista à sua incorporação no planeamento e gestão das instituições museais é um passo importante nesse sentido. Este artigo versa sobre uma grelha de análise de testemunhos escritos após a visita a museus e exposições. A sua construção foi realizada no âmbito do Estudo de Públicos de Museus Nacionais (EPMN), que incluiu um universo de 14 museus (n= 6.656) (Neves e Mourão, 2016). Num segundo momento, e partindo da base empírica dos estudos destes museus, foi aplicada na análise dos públicos regulares (n= 912) no Grupo de Projeto Museus no Futuro (Camacho, 2021). A grelha foi novamente aplicada e testada no contexto de outra recolha empírica em 2019, sobre os públicos de uma exposição temporária - Loulé: Territórios, Memórias e Identidades (LTMI) - que decorreu no Museu Nacional de Arqueologia (Neves, Santos e Apolinário, 2020). Neste artigo, faz-se um enquadramento teórico sobre os públicos e sua relevância para as instituições museais, apresenta-se a metodologia subjacente à construção da grelha interpretativa e explicita-se as ilações descorrente da sua aplicação. Concluímos que as sucessivas aplicações da grelha permitem sustentar a adequação e pertinência do modelo e as condições da sua generalização à análise das opiniões e sugestões, em contextos diferenciados, e a solicitações também diversas tanto do ponto de vista teórico como empírico.

Author Biographies

Maria João Lima, CIES-Iscte OPAC - Observatório Português das Atividades Culturais

Maria João Lima is a PhD Scholar in Sociology (ISCTE-IUL) and a research assistant at CIES-Iscte with a project on “Choral singing: Expressiveness and Sociability” funded by FCT. She holds a Master's degree in Ethnomusicology and a Bachelor's degree in Musicology (FCSH-UNL). She was a research assistant at INET-MD-Instituto de Etnomusicologia Música e Dança (1995-2000) and at OAC - Cultural Activities Observatory (2001-2013). Her research is mainly focused on cultural policies, cultural audiences and cultural expressive practices. She is currently part of the research team of the Portuguese Observatory of Cultural Activities (https://www.opac.cies.iscte-iul.pt/).

José Soares Neves, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Cies-Iscte OPAC - Observatório Português das Atividades Culturais

José Soares Neves has a PhD in Sociology of Communication, Culture and Education by ISCTE- University Institute of Lisbon. He is a integrated researcher and subdirector at the Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology (CIES-Iscte) and professor of Cultural Audiences, Consumptions and Fruitions and Public Policies of Culture at the Department of Sociology of the same University. He was a permanent researcher at the Portuguese Observatory on Cultural Activities (OAC, 1996 to 2013). President of the Working Group on Cultural Statistics of Portugal Statistical Council (2006 to 2010). Researcher or coordinator on several research projects in the fields of sociology of art and culture and cultural policies, national and local, and in the domains of the cultural industries (music, book), cultural consumption, reading practices, museums and cultural heritage. He is Director of the Portuguese Observatory on Cultural Activities (OPAC) since its creation in December 2018.

Sónia Apolinário, Cies-Iscte OPAC - Observatório Português das Atividades Culturais

PhD in Sociology by ISCTE - IUL (2017) with the thesis “Esperanto in Portugal. International Language and Social Movements”. Associate Researcher at CIES - Center for Research and Sociology Studies and Associate Researcher of the Portuguese Observatory of Cultural Activities (OPAC). She holds a degree in Sociology (1999) and a Master's degree in Museology: Exhibition Contents (2012), whose dissertation was integrated into the FCT project “MOSCA - Critical and Alternative Social Movement”. Outside the social sciences, she completed a course in Art History at the National Academy of Fine Arts (1992-1993). The professional career includes functions at the National Agency for Scientific and Technological Culture and the Science and Technology Observatory (two entities of the Ministry of Science and Technology) and the ISCTE-IUL Curricular Management Office. In 2018 and 2019 she was a member of the jury of the aptitude tests coordinated by Social Sciences Institute of Lisbon University (cultural, social or economic themes) for access to the magistracy courses of the Center for Judicial Studies (Ministry of Justice). In 2019, she collaborated with the ICS - University of Lisbon, in the area of labor relations, in the European project DIRESOC - Digitalisation and Restructuring: Which Social Dialogue ?.At OPAC she joined the visitor studies project of an exhibition at Archaeology National Museum (june 2019 to january 2020). Since June 2020 is Post PhD researcher in the project UNCHARTED - Understanding, Capturing and Fostering the Societal Value of Culture (2020-2024), funded by the European Commission, under the general orientation of Professor Arturo Rodríguez Morató, from Universitat de Barcelona.

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Published

2022-09-30

How to Cite

Lima, M. J., Neves, J. S., & Apolinário, S. (2022). Públicos e participação em museus. Um modelo interpretativo de sugestões pós-visita. Observatorio (OBS*), 16(3). https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS16320222074

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022)

Section

Articles

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